Conclusion
It is essential that all the elements of
Iraq’s political spectrum, as well as the representatives of
Iraq’s varied communities, become involved in the process of
finding a way out of the terrible situation that Iraq finds
itself in now and which threaten its very survival. All these
groups must participate in the process of change and the
design of a new Iraqi state so that all have a stake in the
outcome and could feel themselves true and equal partners in
the country.
The Iraqi crisis has to be tackled at all
its levels-political, through the elimination of dictatorship;
sectarian, through the abolition of sectarian discrimination;
and ethnic, through the elimination of ethnic and national
preference. Furthermore, it would be necessary to consider
policies and programmes that would provide redress to the many
aggrieved groups in the country, and to establish a vision of
Iraq’s future in which all would share. Any shortfall from
this objective by adopting one perspective over another on the
grounds of a gradualism that postpones the tackling of these
issues to some indeterminate date in the future, is a recipe
for further suffering and possibly disaster.
Constitutional guarantees and rights must be
afforded to all of Iraq’s groups and communities, as well as
the means to defend or enforce them. This must be the minimum
requirement for rebuilding the Iraqi state on a new basis. The
order of priorities in this declaration have been ranked in a
methodical manner, and the sequential adoption of the policies
that underpin needed change are based on the principle of
their voluntary adoption through information dissemination and
persuasion rather than their imposition by force or fiat.
The adoption of the constituent components
of Iraq’s society of the elements of this declaration is
important, not least for the reason that each should feel that
they have accepted the main sources of grievance and redress
of the other groups, and that they have all participated
equally in the fashioning of a new Iraqi order.
Annex 1
The following are the main studies and works
that have tackled the Iraqi Shia problem.
1. The speech given by Sayyid Baqir al-Hakim
in Tehran under the title: "Shia consciousness in Iraq",
dated 1402 AH
2. The book " The Crisis of Power in
Iraq", by Abd el-Karim al-Uzri
3. The book "The Shia and the Nationalist
State", by Hassan al-Alawi
4. The booklet "What do the Shia of Iraq
want", by Sayyid Muhammed Bahr al-Uloom
5. The seminar on " Facets of the Shia
crisis in Iraq" that was held under the auspices of Sayyid
Abd el-Majid al-Khoei in the Khoei Foundation, London,
2000.
6. The book "The Shia issue in Iraq and
the Husseini rites", by Ibrahim Hamoudi
7. The book "The present circumstances of
the Shia of Iraq", by Sayyid Muhammed al-Hayderi
8. The book " The New World Order and the
Shia of Iraq", by Adel Abd el-Mahdi
9. The book " An assessment of the
fighting capabilities of the Shia of Iraq" by Mahdi Abd
el-Mahdi
10. The booklet "The Shia
Pronouncement" by Ghalib Shabandar
Annex 2
A partial list of signatories to the
document follows:
|
Abdul Karim, Hayfaa (Mrs.) |
The Continuous Picket,
London |
|
Abdul Mahdi, Adil |
Researcher, Writer, France |
|
Abdul Razzaq, Salah |
University Lecturer,
Netherlands |
|
Abu Qlaam, Khalil Mohammed
Hussein |
Businessman |
|
Abu Qlaam, Hadi |
Bank Manager |
|
Abu Tebeekh, Abbas (Dr.) |
University Lecturer, USA |
|
Ahmed, Nesh’at |
Islamic Union of Iraqi
Turkumen |
|
Al Addad, Ali (Dr.) |
Consultant to NGOs, Geneva |
|
Al
Adnani, Mohammed Sadiq (Professor) |
University Professor in Medicine and
Poet |
|
Al
Adwan, Ritha |
Medical
Analysis CA |
|
Al Ali,
Abdul Razzaq |
Organisation of Faily
Kurds |
|
Al
Ammar, Ali (Dr.) |
Consultant in Medicine,
CA |
|
Al
Aryan, Ali |
Ex
Political Prisoner, Human Rights
Activist |
|
Al
Askarl, Sami |
Islamic
Daw’a Party |
|
Al
Attar, Mohammed Falah ( Shiekh) |
Orator
and Rhetorician (Islamic Media Center,
CA) |
|
Al
Atiya, Firial (Mrs.) |
Activist on Women Issues |
|
Al
Atiya, Jihad |
Businessman |
|
Al
Atiya, Malallah (Sheikh) |
Supervisor, Imam Ali Islamic Centre,
Cardiff |
|
Al
Awad, Talib |
Politician |
|
Al
Badran, Mohammed |
Human
Rights Activist, Nashfield, Tennessee |
|
Al
Badran, Ramadhan, |
Human
Rights Activist, CA |
|
Al
Basri, Abdul Aziz |
Lecturer in Arabic Language and
Literature |
|
Al
Basri, Kamal (Dr.) |
Economist |
|
Al
Basri, Khairallah (Sheikh) |
Scholar
of Religion |
|
Al
Bassam, Mehdi Salih (Dr.) |
Cardiologist, USA |
|
Al
Bustani, Abbas (Dr.) |
University Lecturer, Researcher,
Publisher |
|
Al
Bayati, Walid Saeed (Dr.) |
Writer,
Researcher in Islamic & Arabic
Civilisation |
|
Al
Chalabi, Hassan, Professor |
University Chancellor & Professor of
Law, Lebanon |
|
Al
Dalli, Hadi (Dr.) |
Veterinary |
|
Al
Eshayqir, Ibrahim (Dr.) |
Physician |
|
Al
Fadhil, Munthir (Dr.) |
Visiting Associate Professor at the
College of Law ICIS |
|
Al
Haeiri, Jawad |
Writer |
|
Al
Hakkak, Hassan (Dr.) |
University Lecturer |
|
Al
Hakim, Abdul Hadi (Dr.) |
University Lecturer, Academic
Researcher |
|
Al
Hakim, Sahib (Dr.) |
Rapporteur on Human Rights in
Iraq |
|
Al
Hakim, Salih |
Religious Scholar,
Denmark |
|
Al
Hassan, Khalid, |
Businessman |
|
Al
Hasani, Ali (Dr.) |
Islamic
Thinker, Writer |
|
Al
Hasani, Saleem (Dr.) |
Writer
and Journalist |
|
Al
Hashimi, Mahmood (Dr.) |
Consultant
Ophthalmologist |
|
Al
Hebib, Hussein |
Artist,
Writer |
|
Al
Hilali, Mahir Mohammed Ali (Dr.) |
Consultant in Haematology &
Oncology |
|
Al
Hillo, Muthar (Syed) |
Islamic
Researcher |
|
Al
Hussieni, Abbas (Dr.) |
University lecturer, Westminister
University |
|
Al
Hussieni, Ali (Dr.) |
Consultant Physician |
|
Al
Hussieni, Bassam |
Engineer, Iraqi Community,
CA |
|
Al
Hussieni, Riadh |
Iraqi
Media |
|
Al
Hussieni, Hisham (Sheikh) |
Supervisor, Karbala, Islamic Centre,
USA |
|
Al
Ibadi, Imad |
Engineer, Activist on Social
Issues |
|
Al Idi,
Hassan (Dr.) |
University Lecturer |
|
Al
Imara, Ghani Nassir |
Tribal
Chief |
|
Al
Jaddoe’e, Abbas Hatem (Dr.) |
Dental
Surgery |
|
Al
Jubori, Najat Hussien (Mrs.) |
Teacher |
|
Al
Kadhimi, Mustafa |
Writer |
|
Al
Khairallah, Jeleel |
Iraqi
Islamic Cadres |
|
?Al
Khelili, Ibtisam, ( Mrs.) |
European Women Union |
|
Al
Kheteeb, Fadhil (Sheikh) |
Orator
and Rhetorician |
|
Al
Kheteeb, Hussien |
Human
Rights Activist, Netherlands |
|
Al
Kheteeb, ??Abdul Majeed (Dr.) |
Consultant Paediatrician |
|
Al
Khateeb, Muhie Al Deen |
Diplomat |
|
Al
Kheteeb, Salah (Dr.) |
Islamic
Organisation of Human Rights, Geneva |
|
Al
Khirsan, Abdul Ameer (Dr.) |
Ph.D.,
adviser on Travel and Tourism |
|
Al
Kilidar, Adnan (Dr.) |
Dental
Practitioner |
|
Al
Kishmiri, Mohammed Baqir ( Sayed) |
Orator
and Rhetorician |
|
Al
Mahmood, Qasim (Dr.) |
University Lecturer |
|
Al
Mehdawi, Ali (Dr.) |
University Lecturer |
|
Al
Merzuq, Qais (Dr.) |
Communication Engineer CA |
|
Al
Manshed, Takleef Mohammed |
Al
Fodhool and Aal Ghizzi Tribes |
|
Al
Mize’l, Talib Harbi |
Bani
Rikkab Tribes |
|
Al
Mizeil, Ismael Harbi |
Bani
Rikkab Tribes |
|
Al
Mueeny, Salah Alattar |
Poet |
|
Al
Musawi, Abbass Kereem Nie’ma |
(Colonel) Pharmacist, 1991 Uprising
Committee |
|
Al
Musawi, Abdul Hussein Ubaies (Colonel) |
Figure
1991 March Uprising |
|
Al
Musawi, Jawad Kadhum |
Businessman |
|
Al
Musawi, Isra’a Abbas (Ms.) |
Management, CA |
|
Al
Musawi, Mohammed (Syed) |
Secretary General of World Ahlul Bayt
Islamic League |
|
Al
Musawi, Mustafa Zaidan |
Iraqi
Islamic Accord |
|
Al
Musawi, Sabria Mahdi(Mrs.) |
Human
rights Activist |
|
Al
Musawi, Zahra’a Niema (Mrs.) |
Society
Activist |
|
Al
Qizwini, Baha’a (Dr.) |
Ph.D.
Bio statistics |
|
Al
Qizwini, Ibtihal (Dr.) Mrs. |
Physician |
|
Al
Rezeen, Abdul Rahman |
Lawyer |
|
Al
Rikabi, A’adil Khidhir A’al Fashakh |
Politics Activist, Washington,
Seattle |
|
Al
Rikabi, Hussein Anbar (Dr.) |
Consultant in Medicine |
|
Al
Rikabi, Hussein |
Politician |
|
Al
Rikabi, Fatima (Mrs.) |
Teacher |
|
Al
Risan, Jawad Kadhum |
Chief,
Hatcham Tribe, living in Holland |
|
Al
Rubaei, Abdul Kereem |
Journalist, USA |
|
Al
Rubaei, Adnan Abdul Ameer |
Engineer, Businessman |
|
Al
Rubaei, Ahmed |
Management and Economy College,
CA |
|
Al
Rubaie, Ameer Jabir (Dr.) |
Ph.D.
University Lecturer, Netherlands |
|
Al
Rubaie, Mowaffak (Dr.) |
Neurologist |
|
Al
Sa’yadi, Hassan Hadi (Dr.) |
University Lecturer |
|
Al
Sabah, Adul Ameer Ubaies |
Major
General, Diplomat |
|
Al
Sabe’e, Taha (Dr.) |
University Lecturer in Economics
CA |
|
Al
Sadin, Ameen (Dr.) |
Consultant Physician |
|
Al
Sadr, Ali Hussein |
Engineer |
|
Al
Sadr, Mohammed (Dr.) |
Iraqi
Democratic Platform, Ireland |
|
Al
Salihi, Mohammed |
Management and Economics College
CA |
|
Al
Sari, Majid |
Writer,
Sweden |
|
Al
Sedaidi, Kholood (Dr.) Mrs. |
Dental
Practitioner |
|
Al
Sehel, Hazim Baqir |
Member
of Bani Timim Tribe, living in Holland |
|
Al
Sehel, Sefeya Sheikh Talib Mrs. |
Independent politician |
|
Al
Sehlani, Fadhil (Sheikh) |
Spokesman for Muslim Scholars in
USA |
|
Al
Shabender, Ghalib |
Philosopher and Writer, Malmo,
Sweden |
|
Al
Shaboot, Muhsin (Dr.) |
Politician |
|
Al
Shabut, Nebeel (Dr.) |
Consultant Surgeon |
|
Al
Shabut, Neda (Dr.) |
University Lecturer |
|
Al
Shabut, Nedeem Muhsin |
Computer Engineer |
|
Al
Shar’a Abdul Muneim Salih |
Engineer, CA |
|
Al
Shar’a, Azher Sachet |
Contractor CA |
|
Al
Shar’a, Hassan Ibrahim, |
Businessman |
|
Al
Shar’a Hayder |
Businessman CA |
|
Al
Shar’a Sachet Sayed Isssa |
Leader
in 1991 Uprising |
|
Al
Sharr’a Salih Sayed Mohammed |
Tribes
Chief, 1991 Uprising Middle Euphrates |
|
Al
Shar’a Sami, |
Contractor CA |
|
Al
Shami, Hussein (Syed) |
Dar Al
Islam Foundation Supervisor |
|
Al
Shatree, Aqeel |
Electric Engineer CA |
|
Al
Shehristani, Hussein |
Nuclear
Scientist |
|
Al
Shekerchi, Dhia’a (Sheikh) |
General
Secretary of Darul Huda. Hamburg |
|
Al
Shethir, Nasir (Dr.) |
Former
Judge |
|
Al
Shibib, Hashim |
Diplomat, Politician |
|
Al
Shibibi, Arwa Mohammed Ridha (Mrs.) |
Poet,
Writer |
|
Al
Shibibi, Hala Sadiq (Ms.) |
Journalist |
|
Al
Shibibi, Sadiq Baqir |
Lawyer |
|
Al
Shimmeri, Mohammed |
Businessman |
|
Al
Swaij, Mohammed Zeki ( Syed) |
Supervisor, Islamic Propagation
Foundation, USA |
|
Al
Tabatabei, Makki Hussein(Dr.) |
Consultant Paediatrician |
|
Al
Tae’e, Aziz |
Chief,
American Iraqi Council, Philadelphia |
|
Al
Timimi, Imad Muhammed |
Businessman CA |
|
Al
Timimi, Sabah (Dr.) |
Physician |
|
Al
Tuiraihi, Mohamed Saeid |
Historian, Researcher, |
|
Al
Turaihi, Mohammed Jawad (Sheikh) |
Former
Judge |
|
Al
Turaihi, Muneer (Sheikh) |
Scholar
of Religion |
|
Al
Uzri, Abdul Kereem |
Writer,
Former Cabinet Minister |
|
Al
Zubaidi, Nejim |
Former
Brigadier, Republican Guards |
|
Al
Yasiri, Tawfeeq (Major General) |
Iraqi
National Accord |
|
Alatiya, Jeleel (Dr.) |
Historian, Writer, living in
France |
|
Alhakim, Bayan (Dr.) |
Interfaith International (UN),
Geneva |
|
Alhillo, A’mir ( Syed) |
Head,
Ahlul Bayt Islamic Centre, Vienna |
|
Ali,
Faiq Sheikh |
Lawyer,
Writer |
|
Allawi,
Ali (Dr) |
Businessman, SAM, Oxford
University |
|
Allawi,
Ja’afer (Dr.) |
Consultant in
Endocrinology |
|
Allawi,
Ne’am (Mrs.) |
World
Wide Welfare Organisation |
|
Allawi,
Sabah Hashim |
Former
Ambassador with the United Nations |
|
Allawi,
Tawfeeq |
Businessman |
|
Alwash,
Azzam (Dr.) |
PhD,
Iraqi Forum For Democracy, USA |
|
Bahroolom, Mohammed Zeki
(Syed) |
Islamic
Scholar |
|
Bhaya,
Musa(Dr.) |
Dental
Surgeon USA |
|
Bilal,
Salah Aal (Sheikh) |
Religious Scholar |
|
Bilal,
Usama (Dr.) |
Consultant Psychiatrist |
|
Derweesh, Aliya (Dr.) |
University Lecturer in Engineering
CA |
|
Derweesh, Faruq (Dr.) |
University Lecturer CA |
|
Eshaiker, Muhannad |
Architect, Iraqi Forum for
Democracy |
|
Ewadh,
A’adil (Dr.) |
Physician, Nebraska |
|
Fliaeh,
Salam |
Car
Merchant CA |
|
Hannon,
Mohammed Shannan |
Human
Rights Activist, Washington DC |
|
Hashim,
Ali |
MSc.
Businessman, USA |
|
Hussein, Ibrahim Mohammed
(Dr.) |
Politician |
|
Hussein, Nawal Sheikh (Mrs.) |
Activist on Women Issues |
|
Huwedi,
Abdul Ameer (Dr.) |
Scholar
of Religion |
|
Ibrahim, Khalid |
Front
Line Organisation, Ireland |
|
Jabr,
Sa’ad Salih |
Head,
Free Iraqi Council |
|
Kashif
Alghita, Abdul Raheem |
Politician, Switzerland |
|
Kashif
Alghita’a, Fadhil Abbas (Dr.) |
Consultant Physician |
|
Mahdi,
Manal, ( Ms.) |
Engineer, USA |
|
Maksud,
Ghalib |
Consultant in Law, USA |
|
Maso’od, Hassan ( Sheikh) |
Secretary General Ahlul Bayt Association,
Glasgow |
|
Meshkoor, Fekhree (Dr.) |
Consultant Physician |
|
?Mustafa, Abdul Rahman |
Merchant, San Diego |
|
Shnyien, Naif ( Dr.) |
Accident and Emergency |
|
Shubber, Kadhum Syed Qasim |
Businessman, Spain |
|
Shubber, Kadum Jawad
(Professor) |
University Lecturer: Management
&Finance |
|
Simsim,
Radhi |
Politician, San Francisco |
|
Tu’ma
Mohammed |
Businessman, Nebraska |
|
Witwit,
Ja’afer |
One of
the Leaders of the 1991 Uprising |
|
Witwit,
Qaisar |
Activist in the Iraqi
Opposition |
|
Witwit,
Zaid |
One of
the leaders of 1991 Uprising, living in
Holland |
|
Yousif,
Maha (Dr.) |
Dental
Surgeon USA |
|
Yousif,
Mazin (Dr.) |
PhD,
Medicine |
|
Yousif,
Mayyada (Dr.) |
Physician USA |
|
Zaini,
Mohammed Ali (Dr.) |
Economist |
Annex 3
The following are extracts drawn from
letters by leading Scholars and Jurisprudents, commenting on
and supporting the Declaration of the Shia of
Iraq.
Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Kadhim
al-Haeri
" I have received your letters regarding the
extent of the effort needed to retrieve the rights of Iraq’s
Shia, and my reply follows…
Firstly: The rights of the Shia have been
violated for a long time and up to our period today. This has
been caused not by our Sunni brothers but as a result of
tyrannical governments. We do not ask the minority sect in
Iraq, the Sunnis, to grant rights to the Shia, the majority,
for the scholars of Islam have all agreed that Islam does not
differentiate between the rights of Muslims, irrespective of
their sects.
Each member of a sect recognises and
respects the particularities of its own sect, and we as
followers of the Household of the Prophet recognise the limits
of our sect and respect them.
Secondly: We demand that all tyrannical
governments in Iraq cease from trampling the rights of the
majority Shia; as we demand from them also that they cease to
trample the rights of the minority Sunnis .We say to these
governments; We are all Muslims and we enjoy equality of
rights under the mantle of Islam.
Thirdly: It is essential that the rights of
national minorities such as our brothers the Kurds and
Turcomen and others be respected in parallel to the respect of
the rights of the Arabs. This is an issue that has no bearing
on the issue of sectarian discrimination. And from this
perspective, the division of the Iraqi nation into Kurds, Shia
and Sunnis is not accurate and mixes between the ethnic issue
and the sectarian issue. It would appear to us that this is a
deliberate ploy on the part of the international hegemonistic
powers.
Fourthly: We demand from any non-Islamic
government in Iraq to relinquish power and to allow the Iraqi
nation to choose for itself the type of government it wants,
which we are sure is an Islamic government."
His Eminence Sayyid Murtadha al-Askari,
Dean, College of the Principles of Religion
" Recognising what the Shia of the Household
of the Prophet have achieved in Iraq, we affirm the
following:
Firstly; That the Shia of the Household of
the Prophet are the majority of Iraq’s population.
Secondly: They struggled, under the guidance
of their scholars, for the independence of Iraq.
Thirdly: Following the Second World War they
confronted, culturally, the spread of communism .The
treacherous Baath party that is in control of Iraq has
murdered their scholars including the leading luminaries the
martyrs Sayyid Muhammed Baqir al-Sadr, Sayyid Muhammed
al-Sadr, and the lady martyr Bint-ul-Huda."
His Eminence Sayyid Muhammed
Bahr-ul-Uloom
"… And the Iraqi Shia, being the majority in
the country, have been the regular victims of these regimes,
for whenever dictatorship increased in intensity, it was
accompanied with an equal intensification of sectarian
discrimination. The Saddamist dictatorship pushed further the
limits of sectarianism by marginalizing the Shia religious
authorities, and the liquidation of Shia scholars and notables
and the destruction of their holy shrines and study circles.
This was particularly 1991evidenced by the dictatorship
raising the slogan of " No more Shia as of today!" following
the popular
uprising.
We believe that the struggle against the
dictatorship must continue to remove tyranny and to replace it
with the democratic alternative, and to remove political
sectarianism. This will return to the Shia of Iraq their main
role in rebuilding the state and realising the hopes of the
people.
… And we must encourage all perspectives and
objective analyses that are based on the recognition of the
multiple particularities and identity of Iraq. We support
vigorously all efforts that lead to the elaboration of a
national programme that is commensurate with our people’s
desire to build a civil society and a country that is based on
law, in which the rights of the majority and minority are
equally considered. This is the project of the Shia of Iraq,
who are the backbone of the country.
We encourage all steps that contribute to
this great goal and to lift the injustice from the Shia of
Iraq, to confirm their rights, and to acknowledge the
oppression that has been afflicted on them. And to take all
the necessary measures to remove this burden and erase the
traces of oppression."
His Eminence Sayyid Hussein al-Sadr
" And if we start from the base of our love
for the unitary and united Iraq, and our concern for its
stability and future prosperity, then it is incumbent on us to
point out the historic injustice that has been experienced by
the Shia of Iraq over many generations, and which has placed
the Shii Iraqi citizen between the hammer of sectarianism and
the anvil of social and political oppression.
Today, we are witnessing the signs of the
removal of the butcher and his dictatorial regime that has
oppressed our people and exposed them to the worst forms of
deprivation and misery. And it time that we raise our voices
loudly to demand that the oppression against the Shia be
placed on the top of all the political projects and plans that
are being devised for the coming period.
We are in favour of all sincere plans that
strive to promote political equity in a pluralistic,
parliamentary and constitutional Iraq; and we support all
efforts to lift Iraq and its oppressed Shia
population."
Islamic Daw’a Party
To be translated
His Eminence Shaikh Mohammed Baqir Al
Nasseri
To be translated |
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